Greetings

1. Сәләм

   Säläm

   Hi

   Usage

   Casual greeting to friends and peers

   Grammar Note

   A greeting of Arabic origin. To elders or strangers use "Һаумыһығыҙ". Note the vowels: not Tatar "Сәлам".

2. Һаумыһығыҙ

   Hawmyhyghydh

   Hello (formal)

   Usage

   Polite greeting for strangers, elders, or several people

   Grammar Note

   Literally "are you well?" (һау "healthy" + question -мы + polite -һығыҙ), now the standard formal hello. Use "Һаумы" with friends. Do not use Tatar "Исәнмесез".

3. Хәйерле иртә

   Khäyerle irtä

   Good morning

   Usage

   Morning greeting, suitable for anyone

   Grammar Note

   Pattern "Хәйерле + time of day": "Хәйерле көн" (day), "Хәйерле кис" (evening).

4. Рәхмәт

   Räkhmät

   Thank you

   Usage

   The basic way to say thanks

   Grammar Note

   Stronger: "Ҙур рәхмәт"; to someone: "Рәхмәт һеҙгә". Do not write Russian "Спасибо".

5. Һау булығыҙ

   Haw bulyghydh

   Goodbye (formal)

   Usage

   Polite farewell

   Grammar Note

   Means "stay well". With a friend: "Һау бул". Not Tatar "Сау булыгыз".

6. Ғәфү итегеҙ

   Ghäfü itegedh

   Sorry / Excuse me

   Usage

   Polite way to get attention or apologize

   Grammar Note

   "Please grant pardon", polite plural imperative. With a friend: "Ғәфү ит". Not Tatar "Гафу итегез".

7. Эйе

   Eye

   Yes

   Usage

   Affirmative answer

   Grammar Note

   Starts with "Э"; Tatar spells it "Әйе".

8. Юҡ

   Yuq

   No / There is none

   Usage

   Negative answer, or "there is none"

   Grammar Note

   Ends in "ҡ" (Tatar "Юк" ends in "к"). Serves as both "no" and "there is none".

9. Минең исемем …

   Mineñ isemem …

   My name is…

   Usage

   Introducing yourself by name

   Grammar Note

   "исем" (name) + possessive "-ем" (my); the name follows. The order can also be reversed: "Гөлбаныу минең исемем".

10. Рәхим итегеҙ

    Räkhim itegedh

    Welcome / Please, go ahead

    Usage

    Welcoming a guest, inviting someone in, or offering food or a seat

    Grammar Note

    "рәхим ит-" is the set phrase for "please, make yourself at home". With a friend: "Рәхим ит". Do not write Tatar "Хуш килдегез".

11. Һеҙ башҡортса һөйләшәһегеҙме?

    Hedh bashqortsa höyläshähegedhme?

    Do you speak Bashkir?

    Usage

    Asking whether someone speaks Bashkir

    Grammar Note

    Adding "-са/-сә" to a language name gives "in that language". The question particle "-ме" is joined to the verb. This sentence is built from standard parts; a native check is advisable.

12. Яҡшы

    Yaqshy

    Good / Fine / OK

    Usage

    Answering "good", "fine" or "OK"

    Grammar Note

    Works alone as a reply. "Бик яҡшы" means "very good". Spelled with "ҡ", unlike Tatar "Яхшы".

13. Туалет ҡайҙа?

    Tualet qaydha?

    Where is the toilet?

    Usage

    Asking where the toilet is

    Grammar Note

    "Туалет" is a Russian loanword in everyday use. The question word "ҡайҙа" goes at the end.

14. Мин башҡортса һөйләшмәйем

    Min bashqortsa höyläshmäyem

    I don't speak Bashkir

    Usage

    Saying you do not speak Bashkir

    Grammar Note

    The negative "-мә-" is inserted in the verb and the first-person "-йем" added (һөйләш-мә-йем).

15. Мин тағы килермен

    Min taghy kilermen

    I'll come again

    Usage

    Saying goodbye and promising to return

    Grammar Note

    "килермен" is the future form: "килер" (will come) + "-мен" (I).

16. Күңелле булды

    Küñelle buldy

    I had a great time

    Usage

    Said after a pleasant time

    Grammar Note

    "булды" is the past of "бул-" (to be). "Бик күңелле булды" means "it was really fun".

17. Мин киттем

    Min kittem

    I'm heading out

    Usage

    Casual remark when leaving

    Grammar Note

    "киттем" is formally past, but at the moment of leaving it means "I am off".

18. Мин ҡайттым

    Min qayttym

    I'm back

    Usage

    Said on returning home or coming back

    Grammar Note

    "ҡайттым" is the first-person past of "ҡайт-" (to return). The "ҡ" is pronounced far back in the throat.

19. Ғәфү итегеҙ, миңә китергә кәрәк

    Ghäfü itegedh, miñä kitergä käräk

    Excuse me, I need to get going

    Usage

    Politely leaving a conversation or gathering

    Grammar Note

    "I have to…" is expressed as dative + infinitive + "кәрәк". This sentence is built from standard parts; a native check is advisable.

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